What is the purpose of a transformer in electrical circuits?

The purpose of a transformer in electrical circuits is to either increase or decrease voltage levels, making it a crucial component in electrical systems. When alternating current (AC) flows through the primary coil of a transformer, it generates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary coil. By varying the number of turns of wire in the primary and secondary coils, transformers can convert high voltages to lower voltages, or vice versa, depending on the application.

This capability is essential in power distribution, where it is often necessary to transmit electricity at high voltages over long distances to reduce energy loss, and then transform it to lower voltages for safe use in homes and businesses. Understanding this function allows for the effective design and operation of electrical systems, ensuring that voltage levels match the requirements of the devices being powered.